Włodzisław Duch

List of Publications, August 2010.
A list of talks and links to some presentations.
Other on-line papers of the Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University
Some CI lab projects.

This list in PDF (rarely updated) | participation in conferences


Books | Papers in preparation | submitted | in print | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | ...


Books



  1. Duch W (1986) Graphical representation of model spaces.
    Springer Verlag, Berlin Lecture Notes in Chem Vol. 42, 190 pp.
  2. Duch W (1997) Fascynujący świat programów komputerowych. (Nakom, Poznań, November 1997; 456 pp, ISBN 83-85060-92-8)
  3. Duch W (1997) Fascynujący świat komputerów. (Nakom, Poznań, 20 May 1997; 444 pp, ISBN 83-86969-09-1)
  4. Duch W, Kucharski T, Gomuła J, Adamczak R, Metody uczenia maszynowego w analizie danych psychometrycznych. Zastosowanie do wielowymiarowego kwestionariusza osobowości MMPI-WISKAD.
    (Toruń, March 1999; 650 pp., ISBN 83-231-0986-9)


Edited Books


  1. Wlodzislaw Duch, Xiande Zhao, Jinwu Gao
    Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, Urumchi, China, August 11-20,2010. Series of Information and Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, ISSN 1539-2023
  2. Wang H-F, Neace M.B, Zhu Y, Duch W,
    Proceedings of the Eights International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, Kunming-Banna, China, July 20-28,2009. Series of Information and Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, ISSN 1539-2023
  3. Duch W, Mandziuk J (Eds.), Challenges for Computational Intelligence.
    Springer "Studies in Computational Intelligence" Series, Vol. 63, June 2007, 488 pp.
    Review in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Vol. 20(2)(2009) 542-543.
  4. Marques de Sá, J, Alexandre L.A, Duch W, and Mandic D.P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2007), Part I,
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4668, 2007, XXXI, 978 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-74689-8.

  5. Marques de Sá, J, Alexandre L.A, Duch W, and Mandic D.P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2007), Part II,
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4669, 2007, XXXI, 990 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-74693-5.

  6. Kollias S, Stafylopatis A, Duch W, Oja E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. Athens, Greece, September 10-14, 2006, Proceedings, Part I.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 4131, 2006, XXXIV, 1008 pp. Softcover, ISBN: 3-540-38625-4.
  7. Kollias S, Stafylopatis A, Duch W, Oja E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. Athens, Greece, September 10-14, 2006, Proceedings, Part II.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 4132, 2006, XXXIV, 1028 pp. Softcover, ISBN: 3-540-38871-0.
  8. Duch W, Kacprzyk J, Oja E, Zadrozny S (Eds), Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations.
    Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2005), Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005, Part I.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 3696, 2005, XXXI, 703 pp. Softcover, ISBN: 3-540-28752-3.
  9. Duch W, Kacprzyk J, Oja E, Zadrozny S (Eds), Artificial Neural Networks: Formal Models and Their Applications.
    Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2005), Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005, Part II.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3697, 2005, XXXII, 1045 pp. Softcover, ISBN: 3-540-28755-8.
  10. Duch W, Korbicz J, Rutkowski L, Tadeusiewicz R (Eds), Biocybernetyka i Inżynieria Biomedyczna 2000. Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe.
    Akademicka Oficyna Wydawnicza EXIT, Warszawa 2000, 850 pp, ISBN 83-87674-18-4

  11. Duch W, Engineering Applications of Neural Networks.
    Proceedings of the 5th International Conference EANN'99, 13-15 September 1999, Warsaw, Poland
    Wyd. Adam Marszałek, Toruń, 313 pp, ISBN 83-7174-512-512-5



    Submitted     In Preparation      Submitted     In Preparation      Submitted     In Preparation     


  1. Duch W, Consciousness, Top-Down Attention and Imagery Agnosia.
    ICANN 2010, First Consciousness Versus Attention Workshop, Sept. 15, 2010

  2. Szymański J, Duch W, Contex Search algorithm for lexical knowledge acquisition.
    Control and Cybernetics 2010 (revised and resubmitted).

  3. Szymański J, Duch W, Representation of hypertext documents based on terms, links and text compressibility
    ICONIP 2010 (submitted)

  4. Szymański J, Duch W, Information Retrieval with Semantic Memory model
    CSR (submitted)

  5. Szymański J, Duch W, Dynamic Semantic Visual Information Management.
    IMS 2010 (submitted).
  6. Spasić S, Perović A, Klonowski W, Duch W, Jovanovic A, Feature semantics in the spectra of biological signals
    (submitted)

  7. Duch W, Grochowski M, Maszczyk T, Meta-learning as Search for Optimal Model Space.
    (book chapter, in prep).
  8. Grochowski M, Duch W, Fast Projection Pursuit Constructive Neural Network Based on Quality of Projected Clusters.
    (in prep).
  9. Duch W, Lee M (Editors, special issue), Computational Modeling and Application of Cognitive Systems.
    Cognitive Systems Research (in prep).
  10. Duch W, Towards comprehensive approach to attention deficit disorders.
    Neural Networks (in prep).
  11. Cutsuridis V, Hida C, Duch W, Doya K (Editors, special issue), Neural models of brain disorders.
    Neural Networks (in prep).
  12. Duch W, Lee M, Editors, special issue.
    Cognitive Systems Research (in prep).
  13. Dobosz K, Duch W, Attractors in Neurodynamical Systems.
    Cognitive Neurodynamics (in prep, invited).
  14. Duch W, Geometric Model of Mind.
    In prep.



    In print     In print     In print     In print     In print     In print     In print     In print    


  1. Szymański J, Duch W, Dynamic Semantic Visual Information Management.
    IMS 2010.
  2. Blachnik M, Duch W, Improving accuracy of LVQ algorithm by instance weighting.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. (in print).
    Presented at ICANN 2010, Thesalloniki, Greece
  3. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Almost Random Projection Machine with Margin Maximization and Kernel Features.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. (in print).
    Presented at ICANN 2010, Thesalloniki, Greece
  4. Duch W, Dobosz K, Attractors in Neurodynamical Systems.
    Cognitive Neurodynamics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. xxx, pp. xxx, 2010 (submitted 6/09)
  5. Klonowski W, Duch W, Perovic A, Jovanovic A, Automatic detection of spectroscopic features.
    Neuromath (submitted).

  6. Duch W, Free Will and the Brain: Are we automata?
    In: Ethics and Science for the Environment, 3rd European Forum. Ed. M.Jaskula and B.Buszewski, Societas Humboldtiana Polonorum, 2009.
  7. Wieczorek T, Blachnik M, Duch W. (2008), Heterogeneous distance functions for prototype rules: influence of parameters on probability estimation. | Abstract.
    International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Studies (in print since 2006, journal never started).



    2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2010


  1. Dobosz K, Duch W. (2010) Understanding Neurodynamical Systems via Fuzzy Symbolic Dynamics.
    Neural Networks Vol. 23 (2010) 487-496
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2009.12.005
  2. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Support Feature Machine for DNA microarray data.
    Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol. 6086, pp. 178-186, 2010.
    Presented at: 7th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (RSCTC 2010)
  3. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Support Feature Machines: Support Vectors are not enough.
    World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IEEE Press, pp. 3852-3859.
    Presented at: World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI), July 2010, Barcelona, Spain.
  4. Kachel A, Duch W, Blachnik M, Biesiada J, Infosel++: Information Based Feature Selection C++ Library.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 6113, pp. 388-396, 2010.
    Presented at ICAISC 2010.

  5. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Triangular Visualization
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 6113, pp. 445-452, 2010.
    Presented at ICAISC 2010.

  6. Grudziński K, Grochowski M, and Duch W, Pruning Classification Rules with Reference Vectors Selection Methods
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 6113, pp. 347-354, 2010.
    Presented at ICAISC 2010.

  7. Jovanovic A, Perovic A, Klonowski W, Duch W, Dordević Z, Spasić S. (2010) Detection of Structural Features in Biological Signals.
    Journal of Signal Processing Systems (Springer), 60(1), 115-129, 2010, DOI 10.1007/s11265-009-0407-7

  8. Grochowski M, Duch W. (2010) Constructive Neural Network Algorithms that Solve Highly Non-Separable Problems
    In: Constructive Neural Networks, Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence Vol. 258, pp. 49-70.
    Eds. Franco L, Elizondo D.A, Jerez, J.M.
  9. Maszczyk T, Grochowski M, Duch W. (2010) Discovering Data Structures using Meta-learning, Visualization and Constructive Neural Networks
    In: Advances in Machine Learning II, Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 262, pp. 467-484.
    Eds. Koronacki J, Ras Z.W, Wierzchon S.T, Kacprzyk J.
    Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Ryszard S. Michalski.

  10. Duch W. (2010) Architektury kognitywne.
    In: Neurocybernetyka teoretyczna, chapter 14, pp. 329-361, ed. R. Tadeusiewicz
  11. Duch W, Dobosz K, Jovanovic A, Klonowski W. (2010) Exploring the landscape of brain states
    NeuroMath COST Action BM0601, archived in Frontiers in Neuroscience.

  12. Perovic A, Klonowski W, Duch W, Djordjevic Z and Jovanovic A. (2010) Weak brain connectivity and causality measures
    NeuroMath COST Action BM0601, archived in Frontiers in Neuroscience.

  13. Duch W. (2010) Czy jesteśmy automatami? Mózgi, wolna wola i odpowiedzialność.
    Rozdz. 8, str. 219-264, Na ścieżkach neuronauki. red. P. Francuz, Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
  14. Duch W. (2010) Reprezentacje umysłowe jako aproksymacje stanów mózgu.
    Studia z Kognitywistyki i Filozofii Umysłu 3: 5-28, 2009 (appeared in 2010)
  15. Duch W. (2010) E-wolucje. Siedem dekad technologii komputerowych.
    Portfel 1: 22-23 (popular article)
  16. Duch W, Dobosz K. (2010) Attention Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD (abstract)
    "BioInformatics in Torun (BIT10)

    Duch W, (2010) The apparent lack of free will and its social consequences (abstract)
    Welt Ohne Grenzen. VIII Congres of Societa Humboldtiana Polonorum 2010, p. 68




    2009     2009     2009     2009     2009     2009     2009     2009     2009     2009


  1. Duch W, Maszczyk T. (2009) Universal Learning Machines.
    C.S. Leung, M. Lee, J.H. Chan (Eds.): ICONIP2009, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 5864: 206–215.
    Presented at the ICONIP 2009, Bangkok, Thailand.

  2. Duch W, Maszczyk T. (2009) Almost Random Projection Machine
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 5768: 789-798
    Presented at the ICANN 2009
  3. Grochowski M, Duch W. (2009) Constrained Learning Vector Quantization or Relaxed k-Separability
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 5768: 151-160
    Presented at the ICANN 2009
  4. Klonowski W, Duch W, Perovic A, Jovanovic A, Some Computational Aspects of the Brain Computer Interfaces Based on Inner Music.
    Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2009, Article ID 950403, 9 pages, 2009. doi:10.1155/2009/950403

  5. Duch W, Neurocognitive Informatics Manifesto.
    In: Series of Information and Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 8th Int Conf on Information and Management Sciences (IMS 2009), Kunming-Banna, Yunan, China, pp. 264-282.
  6. Matykiewicz P, Duch W, Pestian J.P, Clustering semantic spaces of suicide notes and newsgroups articles.
    Proceedings of BioNLP Workshop, ACL, pp. 179-184, 2009.
    Presented at BioNLP Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, June 4-5, 2009
  7. Pilichowski M, Duch W, Neurocognitive Approach to Creativity in the Domain of Word-invention.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5507, pp. 88–96, 2009. Online doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-03040-6_11
    In: Köppen, M., Kasabov, N., Coghill, G. (Eds.): 15th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2008), Auckland, New Zealand, November 25-28, 2008, Part II.
  8. Matykiewicz P, Duch W, Zender P.M, Crutcher K.A, Pestian J.P, Neurocognitive approach to clustering of PubMed query results.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5507, pp. 70–79, 2009. Online doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-03040-6_9
    In: Köppen, M., Kasabov, N., Coghill, G. (Eds.): 15th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2008), Auckland, New Zealand, November 25-28, 2008, Part II.
  9. Duch W, Consciousness and Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
    Coma and Consciousness. Clinical, Societal and Ethical Implications. Satellite Symposium of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Scientific Studies of Consciousness, Berlin, 4-5 June 2009, p. 46
  10. Duch W, Imagery Agnosia: what goes on in my head?
    Coma and Consciousness, Clinical, Societal and Ethical Implications. Satellite Symposium of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Scientific Studies of Consciousness, Berlin, 4-5 June 2009, p. 46
  11. Duch W, Umysł, świadomość i działania twórcze (Mind, consciousness and creativity, in Polish).
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 1-2, 9-40, 2008 (appeared in 2009).
  12. Duch W, Klonowski W, Perovic A, Jovanovic A, Some computational aspects of the Brain Computer Interfaces based on Inner Music.
    Neuromath, Leuven 12-13.03.2009, pp. xx (abstract).

  13. Blachnik M, Duch W, Kachel A, Biesiada J. (2009). Feature Selection for High-Dimensional Data: A Kolmogorov-Smirnov Class Correlation-Based Filter.
    Methods of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 33-40.
    Presented at: Symposium on Methods of Artificial Intelligence, 18-19 November 2009, Gliwice, Poland
  14. Duch W, Debata: "Mózg - Maszyna - Świadomość - Dusza", Debata w Szkole Wyższej Psychologii Społecznej, Warszawa, 18 marca 2006 r.
    Jak należy rozumieć relację mózg–umysł–świadomość–dusza?
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 111-152, 9-40, 2008 (appeared in 2009).
  15. Duch W, Mózg, mój właściciel, Gazeta Wyborcza, sobota-niedziela 21-22.02.2009, p. 27.
  16. Perovic A, Klonowski W, Duch W, Djordjevic Z, Jovanovic A, Detection of structural features in brain signals and causality tests.
    COST Consciousness, Cyprus 2009, (poster P04, extended abstract).

    Klonowski W, Duch W, Djordjevic Z, Spasic S, Perovic A, Jovanovic A, Automatic recognition of features in biological signals.
    COST Neuromath: Advanced Methods for the Estimation of Human Brain Activity and Connectivity, Sept. 2009 (extended abstract)




    2008     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008


  1. Duch W, Mandic D.P, Preface to the Special Issue of Elsevier Neural Networks, selected articles from the 17th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN), Porto, Portugal, Sept. 2007, eds. W. Duch and D.P. Mandic.
    Neural Networks 21(6), 797-798, 2008.
  2. Duch W, Matykiewicz P, and Pestian J, Neurolinguistic Approach to Natural Language Processing with Applications to Medical Text Analysis. | Abstract.
    Neural Networks 21(10), 1500-1510, 2008 (on-line from Science Direct).

  3. Kordos M, Duch W, Variable Step Search Training for Feedforward Neural Networks. | Abstract.
    Neurocomputing 71(13-15), 2470-2480, 2008. (doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2008.02.019 on line).
  4. Blachnik M, Duch W, Building Localized Basis Function Networks Using Context Dependent Clustering
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5163, 482-491, 2008.
    Presented at: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'08), Prague, Czech Republic
  5. Grochowski M, Duch W, Projection Pursuit Constructive Neural Networks Based on Quality of Projected Clusters
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5164, 754-762, 2008.
    Presented at: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'08), Prague, Czech Republic
  6. Duch W, Szymański J, Semantic Web: Asking the Right Questions.
    Series of Information and Management Sciences, M. Gen, X. Zhao and J. Gao, Eds, California Polytechnic State University, CA, USA, pp. 456-463, 2008.
    Presented at 7th International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, Urumchi,China, Aug.12-19, 2008.
  7. Dobosz K, Duch W, Fuzzy Symbolic Dynamics for Global Visualization.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5164, 471-478, 2008.
    Presented at: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'08), Prague, Czech Republic
  8. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Support Vector Machines for visualization and dimensionality reduction.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5163, 346-356, 2008.
    Presented at: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'08), Prague, Czech Republic
  9. Maszczyk T, Duch W, Comparison of Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis Entropy used in Decision Trees. | Abstract.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5097, 643-651, 2008.
    Presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC'08), Zakopane, Poland
  10. Grochowski M, Duch W, A Comparison of Methods for Learning of Highly Non-Separable Problems. | Abstract.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5097, 566-577, 2008.
    Presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC'08), Zakopane, Poland
  11. Szymanski J, Duch W, Knowledge representation and acquisition for large-scale semantic memory.
    Presented at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI'08), Hong Kong, 1-6 June 2008, IEEE Press, pp. 3117-3124
  12. Szymanski J, Sarnatowicz T, Duch W, Towards Avatars with Artificial Minds: Role of Semantic Memory. | Abstract.
    Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligence, American Scientific Publishers, 2, 1-11, 2008.
  13. Duch W, Oentaryo R.J, Pasquier M, Cognitive architectures: where do we go from here? | Abstract.
    In: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 171 (Ed. by Pei Wang, Ben Goertzel, and Stan Franklin), IOS Press, pp. 122-136.
    Presented at Artificial General Intelligence (AGI 2008), Memphis, March 1-3, 2008
  14. Biesiada J, Duch W,
    A Kolmogorov-Smirnov correlation-based filter solution for microarray gene expressions data. | Abstract.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4985, pp. 285–294, 2008,
    Presented at the 14th Int. Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP07), Kitakyushu, Japan, Nov.2007
  15. Biesiada J, Duch W, Feature Selection for High-Dimensional Data: A Pearson Redundancy Based Filter | Abstract.
    Advances in Soft Computing Vol. 45, 242-249, 2008.
  16. Blachnik M, Duch W, Prototype rules from SVM | Abstract.
    Book chapter, in: Rule Extraction from Support Vector Machines, ed. J. Diederich, Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 80, 163-184, 2008.
  17. Dobosz K, Duch W, Global Visualization of Neural Dynamics.
    Neuromath Workshop, Dornburg Castle, Jena, Germany, 28-29 April 2008, pp. 15-16
  18. Matykiewicz P, Duch W, Zender P.M, Crutcher K.A, Pestian J.P, Neurocognitive approach to clustering of PubMed query results.
    In: Neural Information Proceesing, 15th Int. conference ICONIP 2008, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 160-161, 2008.
  19. Pilichowski M, Duch W, Neurocognitive Approach to Creativity in the Domain of Word-invention.
    In: Neural Information Proceesing, 15th Int. conference ICONIP 2008, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 481-482, 2008 (extended abstract).
  20. Duch W, Consciousness, Imagery and Music.
    COST BM0605 Meeting, Consciousness: A transdisciplinary, integrated approach, Ghent, Belgium, Nov. 2008 (abstract), pp. 15-16.

  21. Duch W, Klonowski W, Perovic A, Jovanovic A, Some computational aspects of the Brain Computer Interfaces based on Inner Music.
    Neuromath, Sept. 2008.

  22. Duch W, Review of: Robot Brains. Circuits and Systems for Conscious Machines, book by Pentti O. Haikonen (Wiley 2007). .
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol 19(5), 925-926, 2008

  23. Duch W, Perspektywy neuromarketingu.
    W: Neuromarketing. Interdyscyplinarne spojrzenie na klienta. H. Mruk, M. Schneider (red), Wyd. Uniw. Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, str. 39-49, 2008.
  24. Duch W, Nieludzka kreatywność.
    Wiedza i Życie, Numer specjalny 2/2008, str. 71-75
  25. Duch W, Czy komputery będą kiedyś świadome?
    Popular article, partially published in Newsweek, 3.02.2008 as "Komputer a myśli".



    2007     2007     2007     2007     2007     2007     2007     2007     2007     2007


  1. Duch W, Intuition, Insight, Imagination and Creativity.
    IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 2(3), August 2007, pp. 40-52
  2. Duch W, Computational Models of Dementia and Neurological Problems. | Abstract.
    Chapter 17 of a book: Neuroinformatics, C.J. Crasto (Ed), "Methods in Molecular Biology" series (J. Walker, series ed.), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 307-336, 2007
  3. Duch W, Creativity and the Brain. | Abstract.
    A Handbook of Creativity for Teachers. Ed. Ai-Girl Tan, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing 2007, pp. 507-530.
  4. Duch W, What is Computational Intelligence and where is it going? | Abstract.
    In: W. Duch and J. Mandziuk, Challenges for Computational Intelligence. Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 63, 1-13, 2007.
  5. Duch W, Towards comprehensive foundations of computational intelligence. | Abstract.
    In: W. Duch and J. Mandziuk, Challenges for Computational Intelligence. Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 63, 261-316, 2007.
  6. Duch W, Learning data structures with inherent complex logic: neurocognitive perspective. | Abstract.
    Presented at the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Man-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (CIMMACS '07), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, Dec. 14-16, 2007, pp. 294-303
  7. Duch W, Matykiewicz P, Pestian J, Neurolinguistic Approach to Vector Representation of Medical Concepts. | Abstract.
    Presented at the 20th Int. Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Orlando, IEEE Press, August 12-17, 2007, pp. 3110-3115
  8. Duch W, Matykiewicz P, Pestian J, Towards Understanding of Natural Language: Neurocognitive Inspirations. | Abstract.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4668, 953–962, 2007.
  9. Duch W, Mandziuk J, Preface: Challenges for Computational Intelligence.
    In: W. Duch and J. Mandziuk, Challenges for Computational Intelligence. Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 63, V-IX, 2007.
  10. Duch W, Pilichowski M, Experiments with computational creativity. | Abstract.
    Neural Information Processing – Letters and Reviews, Vol. 11, No. 4-6, April/June 2007, pp. 123-133
  11. Duch W, Swaminathan K, Meller J, Computational Intelligence Approaches to Rational Drug Design and Discovery. | Abstract.
    Current Pharmaceutical Design, Vol. 13(14), 1497-1508, 2007.
  12. Grochowski M, Duch W, Learning highly non-separable Boolean functions using Constructive Feedforward Neural Network. | Abstract.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4668, 180-189, 2007.

  13. Itert L, Duch W, Pestian J, Influence of a priori Knowledge on Medical Document Categorization, | Abstract.
    IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Data Mining, IEEE Press, April 2007, pp. 163-170.
  14. Pestian J, Brew C, Matykiewicz P, Hovermale D.J, Johnson N, Cohen K.B, Duch W, A shared task involving multi-label classification of clinical free text. | Abstract.
    BioNLP 2007: Biological, translational, and clinical language processing, pp. 97–104, ACL 2007.
    Data for the Challenge is at the CMS site.
  15. Rajan J, Davis K.C, Matykiewicz P, Duch W, Pestian J, Medical Acronym Disambiguation Using Online Sources .
    Presented at the International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems and Web Technologies, pp. 123-130, 2007.
  16. Kollias S, Stafylopatis A, Duch W (Eds.), Introduction to the special issue based on the 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2006), Athens, Greece (10 articles),
    International Journal of Neural Systems, Vol. 17 (4), p. V, 2007
  17. Kollias S, Stafylopatis A, Duch W (Eds.), Introduction to the special issue: Artificial Neural Networks (6 articles),
    Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering (IOS Press), Vol. 14 (4), 281-281, 2007
  18. Szymanski J, Duch W, Semantic Memory Knowledge Acquisition Through Active Dialogues. | Abstract.
    Presented at the 20th Int. Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Orlando, IEEE Press, August 2007, pp. 536-541
  19. Szymanski J, Duch W, Semantic Memory Architecture for Knowledge Acquisition and Management. | Abstract.
    Presented at the Sixth International Conference on Information and Management Sciences (IMS2007), July 1-6, 2007, California Polytechnic State University, CA, pp. 342-348
  20. Dobosz K, Osiński G, Duch W, Computational model of brain stem functions.
    Presented at the Neuromath Workshop, Rome, 1-5 Dec. 2007, pp. 34
  21. Duch W, Neuroestetyka i ewolucyjne podstawy przeżyć estetycznych.
    Współczesna Neuroestetyka, Wyd. Poli-Graf-Jak, Poznań 2007, str. 47-52.



    2006     2006     2006     2006     2006     2006     2006     2006     2006     2006


  1. Blachnik M, Duch W Prototype-based threshold rules. | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4234, 1028-1037, 2006.
    Presented at the 13th Int. Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'2006), Hong Kong, Oct. 2006.

  2. Duch, W, K-separability. | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4131, 188-197, 2006.
  3. Pestian J.P, Itert L, Andersen C, Duch W, Preparing Clinical Text for Use in Biomedical Research.
    Journal of Database Management 17(2), 1-11, 2006.
  4. Duch W, Biesiada J, Margin-based feature selection filters for microarray gene expression data. | PDF file.
    International Journal of Information Technology and Intelligent Computing 1, 9-33, 2006
  5. Kordos M, Duch W, Variable Step Search MLP Training Method | PDF file.
    International Journal of Information Technology and Intelligent Computing 1, 45-56, 2006
  6. Matykiewicz P, Duch W, Pestian J, Nonambiguous Concept Mapping in Medical Domain, | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 4029, 941-950, 2006
  7. Blachnik M, Duch W, Wieczorek T, Selection of prototypes rules – context searching via clustering. | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 4029, 573-582, 2006
  8. Duch W, Filter Methods. | PDF file.
    In: Feature extraction, foundations and applications. Eds: I. Guyon, S. Gunn, M. Nikravesh, L. Zadeh, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Physica-Verlag, Springer, 2006, pp. 89-118
  9. Duch W, Computational Creativity. | PDF file.
    Presented at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI'06), Vancouver, 16-21 July 2006, IEEE Press, pp. 1162-1169
  10. Lee W.K, Duch W, Ng G.S, Robot Space Exploration Using Peano Paths Generated by Self-Organizing Maps. | PDF file.
    Presented at the 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, ICARCV 2006, Singapore, 6-8.12.2006, IEEE Press, pp. 1325-1330
  11. Matykiewicz P, Pestian J, Duch W, and Johnson N, Unambiguous Concept Mapping in Radiology Reports: Graphs of Consistent Concepts,
    AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006; 2006: 1024.
  12. Duch W (2006) Madhyamika, nauka i natura rzeczywistości. Uwagi na marginesie książki: Matthieu Ricard i Trinh Xuan Thuan, Nieskończoność w Jednej Dłoni: Od Wielkiego Wybuchu do Oświecenia. (Madhaymika, science and reality. Remarks on the book by Matthieu Ricard i Trinh Xuan Thuan, The Quantum and the Lotus: a Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 1-2:293-316, 2006 (in Polish).
  13. Duch W (2006) Od mózgu do umysłu.
    Charaktery 1, pp. 18-23 (in Polish)



    2005     2005     2005     2005     2005     2005     2005     2005     2005     2005


  1. Duch W, Rules, Similarity, and Threshold Logic.
    Commentary on Emmanuel M. Pothos, The Rules versus Similarity distinction.

    Behavioral and Brain Sciences Vol. 28 (1): 23-23, 2005
  2. Duch W, Uncertainty of data, fuzzy membership functions, and multi-layer perceptrons. | PDF file.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 16(1): 10-23, 2005
  3. Duch W, Brain-inspired conscious computing architecture. | PDF file.
    Journal of Mind and Behavior, Vol. 26(1-2), 1-22, 2005
  4. Kordos M, Duch W, A Survey of Factors Influencing MLP Error Surface. | PDF file.
    Control and Cybernetics 33(4): 611-631, 2004 (appeared in 2005).
  5. Duch W, Support Vector Neural Training. | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 3697, 67-72, 2005
  6. Itert L, Duch W, Pestian J, Medical document categorization using a priori knowledge, | PDF file.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 3696, 641-646, 2005
  7. Duch W, Internal representations of multi-layered perceptrons.
    In: Issues in Intelligent Systems: Paradigms. Eds. O. Hryniewicz, J. Kacprzyk, J. Koronacki, S.T. Wierzchoń, Exit, Warszawa 2005, pp. 49-62.
  8. Szymanski J, Sarnatowicz T, Duch W, Semantic memory for avatars in cyberspace. | PDF file.
    2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds, Singapore 23-25 Nov. 2005, T.L. Kunii, S.H. Soon and A. Sourin (eds), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 165-171
  9. Duch W, Szymanski J, Sarnatowicz T, Concept description vectors and the 20 question game. | PDF file.
    Intelligent Information Processing and Web Mining, Advances in Soft Computing, Springer Verlag, ISBN 3-540-25056-5 (Eds. Klopotek, M.A., Wierzchon, S.T., Trojanowski, K.), pp. 41-50, 2005.
  10. Duch W, Matykiewicz, P. Minimum Spanning Trees Displaying Semantic Similarity. | PDF file.
    Intelligent Information Processing and Web Mining, Advances in Soft Computing, Springer Verlag, ISBN 3-540-25056-5 (Eds. Klopotek, M.A., Wierzchon, S.T., Trojanowski, K.), pp. 31-40, 2005.
  11. Biesiada J, Duch W (2005), Feature Selection for High-Dimensional Data: A Kolmogorov-Smirnov Correlation-Based Filter. | PDF file.
    In: Computer Recognition Systems. Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Computer Recognition Systems (CORES'05), Ed. M. Kurzynski, E. Puchała, M. Wozniak, A. Zolnierek, Advances in Soft Computing, Springer Verlag, ISBN: 3-540-25054-9, pp. 95-104, 2005.

  12. Blachnik M, Duch W, Wieczorek T, Probabilistic distance measures for prototype-based rules. | PDF file.
    Proc. of the 12th Int. Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'2005), Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 445-450
  13. Blachnik M, Duch W, Wieczorek T, Threshold rules decision list. | PDF file.
    In: T. Burczyński et al. (Eds), Methods of Artificial Intelligence, AI-METH Series, Gliwice 2005, pp. 23-24
  14. Wieczorek T, Blachnik M, Duch W. (2005), Influence of probability estimation parameters on stability of accuracy in prototype rules using heterogeneous distance functions. | PDF file.
    In: Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence Studies, Vol.2 (25), 2005, pp. 71-78.
    Presented at the VII International Conference on Artificial Intelligence AI-20'2005, 22-23.09, Siedlce, Poland.

  15. Biesiada J, Duch W. Kachel A, Maczka K, Palucha S (2005), Feature ranking methods based on information entropy with Parzen windows. | PDF file.
    In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Research in Electrotechnology and Applied Informatics (REI'05), 31.08-3.09.2005, Katowice-Kraków, Poland, Vol. I, pp. 109-119.

  16. Duch W, Jankowski N, Grabczewski K, Computational intelligence methods for information understanding and information management. | PDF file.
    The 4th International Conference on Information and Management Sciences (IMS2005), July 1-10, 2005, Kunming, China, Vol. 4. Series of Information and Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, pp. 281-287
  17. Duch W, Future of the information society and information technology from the 2005 perspective.
    In: New Age Communication Media. ICFAI Press 2005 (in print for a long time?)



    2004     2004     2004     2004     2004     2004     2004     2004     2004     2004


  1. Duch W, Setiono R, Zurada J.M, Computational intelligence methods for understanding of data. | PDF file.
    Proc. of the IEEE 92(5) (2004) 771- 805 (see also the front cover of the issue, and the Prolog by J. Esch Full Bibtex Entry
  2. Duch W, Blachnik M, Fuzzy rule-based systems derived from similarity to prototypes.
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3316 (2004) 912-917. Full Bibtex Entry
  3. Kordos M, Duch W, On Some Factors Influencing MLP Error Surface. | PDF file.
    The 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC), Zakopane, Poland, June 2004. Eds. L. Rutkowski, J. Siekemann, R. Tadeusiewicz, L. Zadeh. Lecture Notes in AI Vol. 3070 (2004) 217-222
  4. Duch W, Visualization of hidden node activity in neural networks: I. Visualization methods. | PDF file.
    The 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC), Zakopane, Poland, June 2004. Eds. L. Rutkowski, J. Siekemann, R. Tadeusiewicz, L. Zadeh. Lecture Notes in AI Vol. 3070 (2004) 38-43
  5. Duch W, Visualization of hidden node activity in neural networks: II. Application to RBF networks. | PDF file.
    The 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC), Zakopane, Poland, June 2004. Eds. L. Rutkowski, J. Siekemann, R. Tadeusiewicz, L. Zadeh. Lecture Notes in AI Vol. 3070 (2004) 44-49
  6. Duch W, Mandziuk J, Quo Vadis Computational Intelligence? | PDF file.
    In: Machine Intelligence. Quo Vadis? Eds: P. Sinčák, J. Vaščák, K. Hirota. Advances in Fuzzy Systems - Applications and Theory - Vol. 21, World Scientific, 2004, pp. 3-28
  7. Pestian J, Itert L, and Duch W, Development of a Pediatric Text-Corpus for Part-of-Speech Tagging,
    Intelligent Information Processing and Web Mining, Eds. M.A. Klopotek, S.T. Wierzchon, K. Trojanowski. Advances in Soft Computing, Springer 2004, pp. 219-226
  8. Duch W, Wieczorek T, Biesiada J, Blachnik M, Comparison of feature ranking methods based on information entropy. | PDF file.
    Proc. of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Budapest 2004, IEEE Press, pp. 1415-1420
  9. Kordos M, Duch W, Variable step size search algorithm for MLP training.
    The 8th IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ASC 2004), Sept. 1-3, 2004, Marbella, Spain, pp.215-220



    2003     2003     2003     2003     2003     2003     2003     2003     2003     2003


  1. Duch W, Just bubbles? Commentary on Steven Lehar, Gestalt Isomorphism and the Primacy of Subjective Conscious Experience: A Gestalt Bubble Model. | PDF file.
    Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26(4) (2003) 410-411

  2. Duch, W, Coloring black boxes: visualization of neural network decisions. | PDF file.
    International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Portland, Oregon, 2003, IEEE Press, Vol. I, pp. 1735-1740

  3. Kordos M, Duch, W, Multilayer Perceptron Trained with Numerical Gradient. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) and International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Istanbul, June 2003, pp. 106-109

  4. Kordos M, Duch, W, Search-based training for logical rule extraction by Multilayer Perceptron. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) and International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Istanbul, June 2003, pp. 86-89

  5. Duch W, Winiarski T, Biesiada J, Kachel, A, Feature Ranking, Selection and Discretization. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) and International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Istanbul, June 2003, pp. 251-254. Full Bibtex Entry
  6. Duch W, Itert L, Committees of Undemocratic Competent Models. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) and International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Istanbul, June 2003, pp. 33-36

  7. Grudzinski K, Karwowski M, Duch W, Computational Intelligence Study of the Iron Age Glass Data. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) and International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Istanbul, June 2003, pp. 17-20

  8. Duch W, Synchronicity, Mind and Matter | link to PDF.
    Neuroquantology 1 (2003) 36-57
    Reprinted from The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 21 (2002) 155-170.
  9. Duch, W, Complex Agents for Socio-Cognitive Engineering.
    First International Workshop on Socio-Cognitive Engineering Foundations (SCEF-2003), Rome, Italy, Sept 30 - Oct 1, 2003

  10. Duch W, Bioinformatics in Singapore.
    Neural Networks Society (INNS, ENNS, JNNS) Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2003, pp. 8-9

  11. Rutkowska D, Duch W, From the editors.
    Artificial and Computational Intelligence, special issue of the TASK Quarterly, Vol. 1/2003, pp. 1-2

  12. Duch W, Connectionism and computational intelligence,
    ICONIP 2002 discussion panel. INNS Newsletter Vol. 1, no. 2, p.2 (2003)
  13. Duch W, Neurokognitywna teoria świadomości. | PDF file.
    Studia z kognitywistyki i filozofii umysłu (red. W. Dziarnowska i A. Klawiter). Tom. I, Subiektywność a świadomość. Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 2003, str. 133-154.
  14. Duch W, Geometryczny model umysłu. | PDF file.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji, Vol. 6 (2002) 199-230 (appeared in 2003)
  15. Duch, W, Connectionism, Computational Intelligence and AI.
    A note for the discussion organized by Asim Roy at ICONIP 2003 (circulated in the Connectionist list)
  16. Duch, W, Dokąd zmierza inteligencja obliczeniowa? (in Polish, PDF, 283 kB).
    W: R. Cierniak (ed.), Ewolucja czy rewolucja: Nowoczesne techniki informatyczne, Katedra Inżynierii Komputerowej Politechniki Częstochowskiej, s. 19-40, 2003.



    2002     2002     2002     2002     2002     2002     2002     2002     2002     2002


  1. Duch W, Synchronicity, Mind and Matter.
    The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 21 (2002) 155-170.

  2. Duch W, Grudziński K, Meta-learning via search combined with parameter optimization.
    Inteligent Information Systems, Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer) 2002, pp. 13-22
  3. Grąbczewski K, Duch W, Heterogenous forests of decision trees.
    Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 2415 (2002) 504-509.
    Presented at the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2002), Madrid.
  4. Duch W, Itert. L, A posteriori corrections to classification methods.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 406-411, 2002. Full Bibtex Entry
  5. Duch W, Biesiada J, Winiarski T, Grudziński K, Grąbczewski K, Feature selection based on information theory filters and feature elimination wrapper methods.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 173-176, 2002.
  6. Duch W, Itert L, Competent undemocratic committees. | PDF file.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 412-417, 2002.
  7. Naud A, Duch W, Visualization of large data sets using MDS combined with LVQ.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 632-637, 2002.
  8. Grąbczewski K, Duch W, Forests of decision trees.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 602-607, 2002.
  9. Marczak M, Duch W, Grudziński K, Naud A. Transformation Distances, Strings and Identification of DNA Promoters.
    In: Neural Networks and Soft Computing (eds. L. Rutkowski and J. Kacprzyk), Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 620-625, 2002.
  10. Duch W, Grąbczewski K, Heterogeneous adaptive systems
    IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Honolulu, May 2002, pp. 524-529.
  11. Duch W, Winiarski T, Grąbczewski K, Biesiada J, Kachel, A, Feature selection based on information theory, consistency and separability indices.
    International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Vol. IV, pp. 1951-1955, Singapore 2002
  12. Duch W, Future of the information society and information technology.
    In: Wissenschaft und Bildung in einer informatorischen Gesellschaft in der Zeit der europaischen Integration, Ed. Ryszard Grzaslewicz, Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej, Wroclaw 2001, pp. xxx-yyy
  13. Duch W (2002) Review of the book: Learning and Soft Computing, by V. Kecman
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Vol. 13 (No. 3), 2002, 786-786
  14. Duch W, Przyszłość technologii informacyjnych i przyszłość książki.
    Wirtualna Edukacja Nr. 9 (2002)
    (pierwotnie przedstawione na Konferencji na zakończenie programu "Librarius", Toruń, 19-20.11.2001)
  15. Duch W, Fizyka umysłu.
    Postępy Fizyki 53D (2002), 92-103
  16. M. Berndt-Schreiber, W. Duch, A. B. Kwiatkowska, A. Polewczyński, K. Skowronek (2002) Pokolenie dorastające z komputerem wkracza na uniwersytety - nowe wyzwania edukacyjne.
    W: Rola i Miejsce Technologii Informacyjnej w Okresie Reform Edukacyjnych w Polsce", red. T. Lewowicki, B. Siemieniecki. Wyd. Adam Marszalek, Torun 2002, pp. 307-314.
  17. Duch W (2002) Sceptycyzm wobec sceptycyzmu (kontynuacja dyskusji o AI)
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji, 2002.



    2001     2001     2001     2001     2001     2001     2001     2001     2001     2001


  1. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, A new methodology of extraction, optimization and application of crisp and fuzzy logical rules. | PDF file.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 12 (2001) 277-306
  2. Duch W (2001) Facing the hard question.
    Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2001) 187-188
  3. Duch W, Grudziński K, Meta-learning: searching in the model space. | PDF file.
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Shanghai, 2001, Vol. I, pp. 235-240
  4. Duch W, Grudziński K, Prototype based rules - new way to understand the data.
    IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Washington D.C. 14-18.07. 2001, pp. 1858-1863
  5. Duch W, Grudziński K, Ensembles of Similarity-Based Models.
    Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 75-85
    Presented at the Inteligent Information Systems 2001.

  6. Duch W, Grąbczewski K, Adamczak R, Grudziński K, Hippe Z.S. (2001) Rules for melanoma skin cancer diagnosis. | PDF file
    Proc. of the 2nd Polish Conference on Computer Pattern Recognition Systems (KOSYR 2001), Wroclaw 2001, pp. 59-68
  7. Duch W, Jankowski N, Transfer functions: hidden possibilities for better neural networks.
    Presented at the 9th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN), Brugge 2001. De-facto publications, pp. 81-94
  8. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen GHF, Constructive density estimation network based on several different separable transfer functions.
    Presented at the 9th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN), Brugge 2001. De-facto publications, pp. 107-112
  9. Jankowski N, Duch W, Optimal transfer function neural networks.
    Presented at the 9th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN), Brugge 2001. De-facto publications, pp. 101-106
  10. Duch W, A solution to fundamental problems of cognitive sciencies.
    Zamojskie Studia i Materiały (ISSN 1507-9090), zeszyt 6, str. 45-70 (red. W. A. Kamiński, CBS Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Administracji w Zamościu, 2001)
  11. Duch W, Neurokognitywna teoria świadomości . | PDF file
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji, T.5 (2) 2001, pp. 47-67.
  12. Duch W, Kognitywistyka drogą do zrozumienia człowieka.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji, T.5 (2) 2001, pp. 40-42.
  13. Duch W, Jan Żytkow,
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji, T.5 (2) 2001, pp. 267-268.
  14. Duch W, Psychophysics.
    Zamojskie Studia i Materiały (ISSN 1507-9090), zeszyt 6, str. 71-86 (red. W. A. Kamiński, CBS Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Administracji w Zamościu, 2001)
  15. Duch W, Szufladki w nauce.
    Sprawy Nauki 12(75) (2001) 12-13.
  16. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Grudziński K, Jankowski N, Naud N, Extraction of Knowledge from Data using Computational Intelligence Methods.
    In: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN), Vienna, 21-25.08.2001 (tutorial, separate brochure, 63 pp)
  17. Duch W, Rewolucja informatyczna w medycynie.
    Kardiologia Polska Supp. III, 49 (1998) 87-92 (appeared in 2001)
  18. Duch W, Models of topographic map’s formation and comparison with experimental data.
    5th Congress of the Polish Neuroscience Society, Torun, Poland, September 2001, 1 p. abstract.
  19. Duch W (2001) Psychika i świadomość
    Encyklopedia Multimedialna PWN, 2001 (7 p).
  20. Duch W (2001) Fizyka umysłu.
    Materiały Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Fizycznego (abstract), September 2001, Torun, Poland
  21. Duch W, Publikacje naukowe o sieciach neuronowych w Internecie.
    EBIB, Elektroniczny Biuletyn Informacyjny Bibliotekarzy 1 (2001) 19
  22. M. Berndt-Schreiber, W. Duch, A. B. Kwiatkowska, A. Polewczyński, K. Skowronek (2001) Pokolenie dorastające z komputerem wkracza na uniwersytety - nowe wyzwania edukacyjne.
    II Krajowa Konferencja "Technologia informacyjna w zmieniającej się edukacji", 14 - 16 maja 2001 - Toruń.
  23. Duch W (2001) Droga do piekła
    Głos Uczelni, 9/2001, p. 10
  24. Duch W (2001) Smutne refleksje z Brukseli
    Głos Uczelni, 7/2001, p. 1
  25. Duch W (2001) Nieuctwo szkodzi bardziej
    Głos Uczelni, 6/2001, p.1
  26. Duch W, Pływanie pod prąd,
    Głos Uczelni, 4/2001 (dłuższa wersja)
  27. Duch W, Straszenie przyszłością,
    Głos Uczelni, Kwiecień 2001, str. 3
  28. Duch W (2001) Sympleksy w wielu wymiarach.
    Wstęp do katalogu "Komplex symplexu" Jerzego Olka i Witolda Szymańskiego, Wrocław 2001
  29. Duch W, Wywiad n/t sztucznej inteligencji, PC Komputer On-line (Anna Meller)



    2000     2000     2000     2000     2000     2000     2000     2000     2000     2000


  1. Duch W, Similarity based methods: a general framework for classification, approximation and association,
    Control and Cybernetics 29 (4) (2000) 937-968
  2. Duch W, Therapeutic applications of computer models of brain activity for Alzheimer disease .
    J. Medical Informatics and Technologies 5 (2000) 27-34
  3. Duch W (2000) Neural networks papers on the Internet.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Vol. 11 (No. 6), 2000, 1509-1511
  4. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen G.H.F, Classification, Association and Pattern Completion using Neural Similarity Based Methods.
    Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 10:4 (2000) 101-120
  5. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen GHF, Neural Networks from Similarity Based Perspective.
    New Frontiers in Computational Intelligence and its Applications. Ed. M. Mohammadian, IOS Press, Amsterdam 2000, pp. 93-108
  6. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Jankowski N, Neural methods of knowledge extraction ,
    Control and Cybernetics 29 (4) (2000) 997-1018
  7. Duch W, Jankowski N, Grąbczewski K, Adamczak R, Optimization and interpretation of rule-based classifiers,
    Intelligent Information Systems 2000, Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 1-13
  8. Duch W and Hayashi Y, Computational intelligence methods and data understanding.
    In: Quo Vadis computational Intelligence? New trends and approaches in computational intelligence. Eds. P. Sincak, J. Vascak, Springer studies in fuzziness and soft computing, Vol. 54 (2000), pp. 256-270
  9. Grudziński K, Duch W, SBL-PM: A Simple Algorithm for Selection of Reference Instances for Similarity Based Methods,
    Intelligent Information Systems 2000, Advances in Soft Computing, Physica Verlag (Springer), pp. 99-108
  10. Adamczak R, Duch W, Neural networks for structure-activity relationship problems.
    5th Conference on Neural Networks and Soft Computing, Zakopane, June 2000, pp. 669-674
  11. Duch W, Adamczak R, Hayashi Y, Eliminators and classifiers,
    ICONIP-2000, 7th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Nov. 2000, Dae-jong, Korea, ed. by Soo-Young Lee, pp. 1029 - 1034
  12. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen GHF, Feature space mapping neural network applied to structure-activity relationship problems.
    ICONIP-2000, 7th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Nov. 2000, Dae-jong, Korea, ed. by Soo-Young Lee, pp. 270 - 274
  13. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Grudziński K, Jankowski N, Naud N, Extraction of knowledge from data using Computational Intelligence methods.
    In: ICONIP-2000, 7th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Nov. 2000, Dae-jong, Korea (tutorial, separate brochure, 54 pp)
  14. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Grudziński K, Jankowski N, Naud N, Understanding the data: extraction, optimization and interpretation of logical rules.
    In: IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2000 (IJCNN) (tutorial, separate brochure, 70 pp)
  15. Duch W, Grudziński K and Stawski G, Symbolic features in neural networks.
    5th Conference on Neural Networks and Soft Computing, Zakopane, June 2000, pp. 180-185
  16. Duch W, Jankowski N, Taxonomy of neural transfer functions,
    IEEE, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2000 (IJCNN), Vol. III, pp. 477-484
  17. Grąbczewski K and Duch W, The separability of split value criterion.
    5th Conference on Neural Networks and Soft Computing, Zakopane, June 2000, pp. 201-208. Full Bibtex Entry
  18. Naud A and Duch W, Interactive data exploration using MDS mapping.
    5th Conference on Neural Networks and Soft Computing, Zakopane, June 2000, pp. 255-260
  19. Duch W, Świadomość i dynamiczne modele działania mózgu.,
    Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska T. 34 (50), Supl. 2, 2000, pp. 69-84
  20. Adamczak R, Duch W, Model FSM w zastosowaniu do klasyfikacji.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. III.26, pp. 801-824
  21. Duch W, Sieci neuronowe w modelowaniu zaburzeń neuropsychologicznych i chorób psychicznych.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. II.18, pp. 589-616
  22. Duch W, Grudziński K, Sieci Neuronowe i Uczenie Maszynowe: próba integracji.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. III.21, pp. 663-690
  23. Chojnowski A, Duch W, Analiza szeregów czasowych obrazów.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. II.17, pp. 569-588
  24. Jankowski N, Duch W, Ontogeniczne sieci neuronowe.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. I.8, pp. 257-294
  25. Grąbczewski K, Duch W, Adamczak R, Neuronowe metody odkrywania wiedzy w danych.
    Biocybernetyka 2000, Tom 6: Sieci neuronowe (red. W. Duch, J. Korbicz, L. Rutkowski i R. Tadeusiewicz), rozdz. III.20, pp. 637-662
  26. Duch W, Jaka teoria umysłu w pełni nas zadowoli?
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 3(1) (2000) 29 - 53
  27. Duch W, Debata: Sztuczny mózg, sztuczna inteligencja.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 3(1) (2000) 95-98.
  28. Duch W, Book review: Statistics and Neural Networks: Advances at the Interface. J.W. Kay and D.M. Titterington (eds.).
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Vol. 11 (No. 6), 2000, 1508-1509
  29. Duch W, Naud A, Book review: Faithful representations and topographic maps, by Marc M. van Hulle.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Vol. 11 (No. 6), 2000, 1508-1508
  30. Duch W, "W 2050 - nieśmiertelność !!!".
    Wywiad dla Gazety Toruńskiej 30.12.2000, p. 19



    1999     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999


  1. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Żal G (1999) Hybrid neural-global minimization method of logical rule extraction,
    | PDF file. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 3(5): 348-356
  2. Duch W, Jankowski N (1999) Survey of neural transfer functions,
    Neural Computing Surveys 2: 163-213
  3. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen GHF (1999) Neural Networks in non-Euclidean spaces. | PDF file.
    Neural Processing Letters  10: 201-210
  4. Meller J, Duch W (1999) SGA derivation of matrix elements between spin-adapted perturbative wavefunctions.
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 74: 123-133
  5. Duch W, Adamczak R, Diercksen GHF (1999) Distance-based multilayer perceptrons. | PDF file.
    Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control and Automation. Neural Networks and Advanced Control Strategies. Ed. M. Mohammadian, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 75-80
  6. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Żal G, Hayashi Y (1999) Fuzzy and crisp logical rule extraction methods in application to medical data.
    In: P.S. Szczepaniak, P.J.G. Lisboa, J. Kacprzyk (eds.), Fuzzy Systems in Medicine. Physica - Verlag, Springer 2000, pp. 593-616
  7. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1999) Neural optimization of linguistic variables and membership functions.
    International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'99), Perth, Australia, Nov. 1999, Vol. II, pp. 616-621
  8. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1999) Neural methods for analysis of psychometric data. | PDF file.
    Proc. of the International Conference EANN'99, Warsaw, 13-15.09.1999, pp. 45-50
  9. Duch W, Adamczak R (1999) Neural networks in non-Euclidean metric spaces,
    1999 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Washington, July 1999, paper no. 740 (6 pages)
  10. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1999) Optimization of logical rules derived by neural procedures,
    1999 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Washington, July 1999, paper no. 741 (6 pages)
  11. Duch W, Grudziński K (1999) Search and global minimization in similarity-based methods,
    1999 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Washington, July 1999, paper no. 742 (6 pages)
  12. Duch W (1999) Alternatives to gradient-based neural training and optimization,
    4th Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Zakopane, May 1999, pp. 59-64
  13. Duch W, Grudziński K (1999) The weighted k-NN method with selection of features and its neural realization | PDF file.
    4th Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Zakopane, May 1999, pp. 191-196
  14. Duch W, Grąbczewski K (1999) Searching for optimal MLP,
    4th Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Zakopane, May 1999, pp. 65-70
  15. Grąbczewski K, Duch W (1999) A general purpose separability criterion for classification systems,
    4th Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Zakopane, May 1999, pp. 203-208
  16. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1999) Methodology of extraction, optimization and application of logical rules | PDF file.
    Intelligent Information Systems VIII, Ustroń, Poland, 14-18.06.1999, pp. 22-31
  17. Duch W, Grudziński K (1999) Weighting and selection of features in Similarity Based Methods | PDF file.
    Intelligent Information Systems VIII, Ustroń, Poland, 14-18.06.1999, pp. 32-36
  18. Duch W, Korczak J, Optimization and global minimization methods suitable for neural networks | PDF file.
    KMK UMK Technical Report 1/99; submitted to Neural Computing Surveys (was in revision, but we never finished)
  19. Duch W, Conscious mind as a limit of brain-like computing | PDF file.
    KMK UMK Technical Report 2/99; also submitted to Mind and Machines (was in revision, but we never got finished)
  20. Duch W (1999) Inteligentne metody szukania informacji medycznych.
    IV Konferencja Internetu Medycznego, 12-13.11.1999 (materiały na CD-ROMie)
  21. Duch W (1999) Duch i dusza, czyli prehistoria kognitywistyki.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 1 (1999)  pp. 7-38
  22. Berndt-Schreiber M, Duch W, Kwiatkowska A, Polewczyński A, Skowronek K (1999) Różnorodność oferty nauczania w zakresie podstaw informatyki i technologii informatycznych jako szczególne wyzwanie dla szkoły wyższej.
    XV Konferencja "Informatyka w Szkole", Katowice, 24-27.09.1999, str. 84-87
  23. Duch W (1999) Recenzja: Antonio Damasio, Błąd Kartezjusza. Emocje, rozum i ludzki mózg. Rebis, Seria "Nowe horyzonty", Poznań 1999.
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 1 (1999), pp. 267-268



    1998     1998     1998     1998     1998     1998     1998     1998     1998     1998


  1. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1998) Extraction of logical rules from backpropagation networks.
    Neural Processing Letters 7: 211-219
  2. Kasabov N, Kozma R, Duch W (1998) Rule Extraction from Linguistic Rule Networks and from Fuzzy Neural Networks: Propositional versus Fuzzy Rules,
    4th International Conference on Neural Networks and their Applications, March 11-13, 1998, Marseille, France, pp. 403-406
  3. Duch W, Grudzinski K and Diercksen G.H.F (1998) Minimal distance neural methods.
    World Congress of Computational Intelligence, May 1998, Anchorage, Alaska, IEEE IJCNN'98 Proceedings, pp. 1299-1304
  4. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Jankowski N, Żal G (1998) Medical diagnosis support using neural and machine learning methods,
    Proc. of the Intern. Conference EANN'98, Gibraltar, 10-12.06.1998, pp.  292-295
  5. Duch W (1998) A framework for similarity-based classification methods, | PDF file.
    Intelligent Information Systems VII, Malbork, Poland, 15-19.06.1998, pp. 288-291
  6. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Żal G (1998) Hybrid neural-global minimization logical rule extraction method for medical diagnosis support,
    Intelligent Information Systems VII, Malbork, Poland, 15-19.06.1998, pp. 85-94
  7. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Żal G (1998) A hybrid method for extraction of logical rules from data. | PDF file.
    Second Polish Conference on Theory and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Łódź, 28-30 Sept. 1998, pp. 61-82
  8. Duch W, Grudziński K (1998) A framework for similarity-based methods. | PDF file.
    Second Polish Conference on Theory and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Łódź, 28-30 Sept. 1998, pp. 33-60
  9. Duch W (1998) Neural implementation of psychological spaces. | PDF file.
    Int. Conf. on Neural Network and Brain, Beijing, China, October 1998, pp. 32-35
  10. Duch W, Adamczak R (1998) Statistical methods for construction of neural networks. | PDF file.
    International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP'98, Kitakyushu, Japan, Oct. 1998, Vol. 2, pp. 629-642
  11. Duch W (1998) Czym jest kognitywistyka?
    Kognitywistyka i Media w Edukacji 1 (1998)  pp. 9-50
  12. Duch W (1998) Open peer commentary on Moravec's paper
    Journal of Transhumanism Vol. 1. (1998)
  13. Duch W, What constitutes a good theory of mind? | PDF file.
    Available in CogPrints as DI UMK Technical Preprint 1/1998
  14. Press Info: Intelligent Systems Report, Report on WCCI'98 Anchorage discussion panel, quoting me, May 1998, vol.15, No.5




    1997     1997     1997     1997     1997     1997     1997     1997     1997     1997


  1. Duch W (1997) Artificial Intelligence Support for Computational Chemistry.
    Advances in Quantum Chemistry 28: 329-343
  2. Duch W and Jankowski N (1997) New neural transfer functions.
    Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 7 (1997) 639-658 (invited by the Editor)
  3. Duch W (1997) Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics | PDF file.
    In: Brain-like computing and intelligent information systems, ed. S-i. Amari, N. Kasabov (Springer, Singapore 1997), chap. 20, pp. 491-512
  4. Duch W (1997) Yves Burnod, An Adaptive Neural Network. The Cerebral Cortex,
    Minds and Machines 7 (1997) 144-147
  5. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1997) Constraint MLP and density estimation for extraction of crisp logical rules from data.
    ICONIP'97, New Zealand, Nov.1997, pp. 831-834
  6. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1997) Extraction of crisp logical rules using constrained backpropagation networks. | PDF file.
    IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'97), Houston, Texas, 9-12.6.1997, pp. 2384-2389
  7. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K, Ishikawa M, Ueda H (1997) Extraction of crisp logical rules using constrained backpropagation networks - comparison of two new approaches.
    Proc. of the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN'97), Bruge 16-18.4.1997, pp. 109-114
  8. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski (1997) Logical rules for classification of medical data using ontogenic neural algorithm.
    Solving Engineering Problems with Neural Networks, Proc. of the Intern. Conference (EANN'97), Stockholm, 16-18.06.1997, pp. 199-202
  9. Adamczak R, Duch W, Jankowski N (1997) New developments in the Feature Space Mapping model.
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 65-70
  10. Duch W, Adamczak R, Jankowski N (1997) Initialization of adaptive parameters in density networks.
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 99-104
  11. Duch W, Adamczak R, Jankowski N (1997) Initialization and optimization of multilayered perceptrons.
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 105-110
  12. Duch W (1997) Scaling properties of neural classifiers.
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 189-194
  13. Duch W (1997) Neural minimal distance methods.
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 183-188
  14. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1997) Extraction of crisp logical rules from medical datasets,
    Third Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications, Kule, October 1997, pp. 707-712
  15. Duch W, Bekkering H, Neggers B (1997) Sensorimotor integration
    CIL-KMK/MPPF-4/97, Technical Report
  16. Duch W, Korczak J (1997) Some remarks on soft computing methods and their applications,
    CIL-KMK/LSIIT-3/97, Technical Report
  17. Duch W, Korczak J (1997) Optimization and global minimization methods for neural networks,
    CIL-KMK/LSIIT-2/97, Technical Report
  18. Duch W (1997) Neural versions of minimal distance methods,
    CIL-KMK-1/97, Computational Inteligence Lab. Technical Report (long version)
  19. Duch W, Adamczak R, Jankowski N (1997) New developments in the Feature Space Mapping model.
    CIL-KMK-2/97, Computational Inteligence Lab. Technical Report (long version)
  20. Duch W, Adamczak R, Jankowski N (1997) Initialization and optimization of multilayered perceptrons.
    CIL-KMK-3/97, Computational Inteligence Lab. Technical Report (long version)
  21. Duch W (1997) Internet i WWW. Materiały dla Podyplomowego Studium Badania Środowiska PRONAT (26 stron).
  22. Duch W (1997) Sztuczna Inteligencja.
    Computerworld 24 (1997) 31
  23. Duch W (1997) Pytanie dnia - komentarz do przegranej Kasparova z Deep Blue. Gazeta Wyborcza 13.05.1997, str. 2



1996     1996     1996     1996     1996     1996     1996     1996     1996     1996


  1. Duch W (1996) Computational physics of the mind. | PDF file.
    Computer Physics Communication 97: 136-153
  2. Duch W (1996) From cognitive models to neurofuzzy systems - the mind space approach. | PDF file.
    Systems Analysis-Modelling-Simulation 24 (1996) 53-65
  3. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1996) Extraction of logical rules from training data using backpropagation networks
    Presented at CAI'96, First Polish Conference on Theory and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Łódź, 19-21.12.1996, pp. 171-178
  4. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1996) Constrained backpropagation for feature selection and extraction of logical rules
    Presented at CAI'96, First Polish Conference on Theory and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Łódź, 19-21.12.1996, pp. 163-170
  5. Duch W (1996) From brain to mind to consciousness without hard problems, | PDF file.
    Sympozjum Kognitywne '96: Świadomość a Percepcja. Instytut Filozofii UAM, 6-7 Dec. 1996
  6. Duch W, Adamczak R, Grąbczewski K (1996) Extraction of logical rules from training data using backpropagation networks
    The 1st Online Workshop on Soft Computing, 19-30.Aug. 1996, pp. 25-30
  7. Duch W (1996) Categorization, Prototype Theory and Neural Dynamics, 113 KB.
    Proc. of the 4th International Conference on SoftComputing'96, Iizuka, Japan, ed. T. Yamakawa and G. Matsumoto, pp. 482-485 (invited paper, cognitive science session)
  8. Duch W and Naud A (1996) Simplexes, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Self-Organized Mapping | PDF file.
    Proc. of the 8th joint EPS-APS International Conference on Physics Computing '96, Kraków 17-21.9.1996, pp. 367-370
  9. Duch W, Adamczak R, Jankowski N (1996) Improved memory-based classification.
    Solving Engineering Problems with Neural Networks, Proc. of the Intern. conference EANN'96, London, 17-19.06.1996 (ed. A.B. Bulsari, S. Kallio, D. Tsaptsinos), pp. 447-450
  10. Duch W and Naud A (1996) On global self-organizing maps | PDF file.
    Proc. of the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN'96), Bruge 22-26.4.1996, pp. 91-96
  11. Duch W and Jankowski N (1996) Bi-radial transfer functions. | PDF file.
    Proceedings of the Second Conference on Neural Networks and their applications, Orle Gniazdo, 30.IV-4.V.1996, pp. 131-137
  12. Duch W and Naud A (1996) Multidimensional scaling and Kohonen's self-organizing maps . | PDF file.
    Proceedings of the Second Conference on Neural Networks and their applications, Orle Gniazdo, 30.IV-4.V.1996, pp. 138-143
  13. Duch W and Adamczak R (1996) Feature Space Mapping network for classification. | Abstract and PDF file.
    Proceedings of the Second Conference on Neural Networks and their applications, Orle Gniazdo, 30.IV-4.V.1996, pp. 125-130
  14. Duch W (1996) On simplifying brain functions. | Abstract and PDF file.
    Proceedings of the Second Conference on Neural Networks and their applications, Orle Gniazdo, 30.IV-4.V.1996, pp. 118-124
  15. Duch Włodzisław, Rafał Adamczak, Norbert Jankowski, Antoine Naud, Jerzy Gomuła, Tomasz Kucharski (1996) Neural-based classification and visualization methods with applications to psychometry.
    34th International Seminar on Statistics and Clinical Practice, Warsaw 24-28.06.1996 (extended abstract), pp. 93-94
  16. Duch W (1996) Review of "The roots of backpropagation. From Ordered Derivatives to Neural Networks and Political Forecasting, by Paul John Werbos, Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7: 151
  17. Duch W (1996) Review of "Shadows of the Mind: a search for the missing science of consciousness", by Roger Penrose (unpublished)
  18. Duch W (1996) Scaling of classification methods.
    KIT-TR-1/96, Kyushu Institute of Technology Technical Report
  19. Duch W and Jankowski N (1996) Bi-radial transfer functions. | Abstract and PDF file.
    UMK-KMK-TR 1/96, Computational Inteligence Lab. Technical Report
  20. Duch W and Naud A (1996) Simplexes, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Self-Organized Mapping. | Abstract and PDF file.
    ICONIP'96, Hong Kong 24-27.9.1996 (submitted; missed the deadline); also UMK-KMK-TR 2/96 report (1996)
  21. Duch W (1996) Informatyka i KBN.
    Computerworld 12: 19
  22. Duch W (1996) Śmierć Internetu.
    Computerworld, 32: 19
  23. Duch W (1996) Profesor - głupi i skąpy?
    Computerworld 9: 16





  1. Duch W and Diercksen GHF (1995) Feature Space Mapping as a universal adaptive system. | PDF file
    Computer Physics Communications 87: 341-371
  2. Duch W (1995) Quantitative measures for the self-organized topographical mapping. | PDF file.
    Open Systems and Information Dynamics 2:295-302
  3. Duch W, Jankowski N, Naud A, Adamczak R (1995) Feature Space Mapping: a neurofuzzy network for system identification. | PDF file
    Proc. of Engineering Applications of Neural Networks (EANN'95), Helsinki 21-23.08.1995, pp. 221-224
  4. Duch W (1995) Physics of consciousness.
    IV Krajowa konferencja ,,Modelowanie Systemów biologicznych", Kraków 2-3.06.1995, pp. 101-114
  5. Duch W (1995) From cognitive models to neurofuzzy systems | PDF file
    In: E. Kącki, editor, Volume 3, Artifical Neural Networks and Their Applications (Polish Society of Medical Informatics, Łódź 1995), p. 22-27 (Proc. from "System, Modelling, Control", Zakopane, 1-5.05.1995)
  6. Duch W (1995) Psychophysics | PDF file
    European Summer School on Computing Techniques in Physics, Skalský Dvur, 5-14.09.1995 (Lecture Notes)
  7. Duch W (1995) Transparent theory of consciousness: is there a problem?
    Behavioral and Brain Sciences (submitted)
  8. Duch W (1995) Sieci globalne w nauce i kulturze.
    Komputer w Edukacji, 2: 19-28
  9. Duch W (1995) Sieci globalne w edukacji.
    In: Badania środowiska, red. J. Turło (Top Kurier, Toruń 1995), pp 151-155
  10. Duch W (1995) Zastosowania komputerów.
    In: Perspektywa edukacji z komputerem, red. B. Siemieniecki, Wyd. Adam Marszałek (Toruń-Płock 1995), pp. 9-38
  11. Duch W (1995) Możliwości sieci komputerowych.
    Toruńskie Studia Dydaktyczne, rok IV(8), pp.18-33
  12. Duch W (1995) Buddyjskie ideały.
    Przegląd Powszechny, 4.1995, pp. 72-82
  13. Duch W (1995) Komputery 5 generacji 
    ComputerWorld, 3/1995, 16.01.1995
  14. Duch W (1995) Życie wewnętrzne komputerów cd.
    Komputer w Edukacji, 3-4: 19-27
  15. Duch W (1995) Sieci globalne w nauce i kulturze. Materiały z otwarcia sieci TORMAN (UMK, luty 1995), str 1-12;
    W: Głos Uczelni nr. 4/95, s. 8-9, nr 5/95, s. 10-11; nr 6/95,




    1994     1994     1994     1994     1994     1994     1994     1994     1994     1994


  1. Duch W (1994) Floating Gaussian Mapping: a new model of adaptive systems
    Neural Network World 4:645-654
  2. Duch W and Diercksen GHF (1994) Neural networks as tools to solve problems in physics and chemistry. | PDF file
    Comp. Phys. Comm. 82: 91-103
  3. Duch W and Diercksen GHF (1994) Size-extensivity corrections in the configuration interaction method.
    Journal of Chemical Physics 101:3018-3030
  4. Duch W, Meller J (1994) On multireference superdirect configuration interaction in third order.
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50: 243-271
  5. Duch W (1994) Mind space approach to neurofuzzy systems.
    In: Proc. of the Japanese Neural Networks Society 1994, Tsukuba, 9-11.11.1994, Japan, pp. 173-174
  6. Duch W (1994) Mind Space.
    In: Molecular Physics Seminar 1994, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Munich, 11.07-3.08, 1994
  7. Duch W (1994) Towards Artificial Minds | PDF file
    In: Materiały Konferencyjne I Krajowej Konferencji "Sieci Neuronowe i ich Zastosowania", Kule, 12-15.IV.1994, pp. 17-28
  8. Duch W and Jankowski N (1994) Complex Systems, Information Theory and Neural Networks | PDF file
    In: Materiały Konferencyjne I Krajowej Konferencji "Sieci Neuronowe i ich Zastosowania", Kule, 12-15.IV.1994, pp. 224-230
  9. Duch W (1994) Neural networks for approximation.
    In: Materiały Konferencyjne I Krajowej Konferencji "Sieci Neuronowe i ich Zastosowania", Kule, 12-15.IV.1994, pp. 218-223
  10. Duch W, (1994) Cerebrations on computational science. | PDF file
    Academic Programs in Computational Science and Engineering Education, Albuquerque, New Mexico 10-12.02.1994; available in electronic form via gopher from Educational High-Performance Computing Project; also Proceedings from Conference ``Toruń Unix Center", 25-26.03.1994
  11. Duch W, (1994) Matrix Elements Primer (about 90 pages, primer of symmetric group methods for matrix element calculations, with excercises),
    UMK-KMK-TR 3/94 report
  12. Duch W (1994) Synchronicity and the Unified View of Mind and Matter | PDF file
    UMK-KMK-TR 2/94 report
  13. Duch W (1994) A solution to the fundamental problems of cognitive sciences. | PDF file
    UMK-KMK-TR 1/94 report, also in the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange, WWW Archive
  14. Duch W (1994) Refleksje na temat rozwoju informatyki na UMK
    Głos Uczelni nr.6/94: 11-12, nr 7/94: 18-19
  15. Duch W (1994) Czy istnieją nauki komputerowe?.
    KMK Tech. Rep. 1994.

  16. Duch W (1994) Życie wewnętrzne komputerów.
    Toruńskie Studia Dydaktyczne, rok III(6), pp.191-206
  17. Duch W (1994) Wywiad ,,Dobry Bóg zrobił, co mógł", Gazeta Pomorska 10.06.1994, p. 4



    1993     1993     1993     1993     1993     1993     1993     1993     1993     1993


  1. Duch W (1993) Modeling neural networks - a physicist's point of view.
    In: Psychological and neurophysiological backgrounds of new computer technologies, Eds. Kulikowski J.L and Zmyslowski W (International Center of Biocybernetics, Warsaw 1993); also UMK-KMK-TR 1/92 report.
  2. Duch W (1993) On the optimal processing functions for neural network elements.
    UMK-KMK-TR 6/93 report
  3. Duch W (1993) Complex systems, Information Theory and Neural Networks.
    UMK-KMK-TR 5/93 report
  4. Duch W (1993) Neural networks for approximation.
    UMK-KMK-TR 4/93 report
  5. Duch W (1993) Floating Gaussian Mapping for Modeling of Human Conceptual Space.
    UMK-KMK-TR 3/93 report
  6. Duch W (1993) Syntactic and semantic information in finite systems.
    UMK-KMK-TR 1/93 report
  7. Duch W (1993) Przyszłość komputerów w edukacji.
    IX Konferencja ,,Informatyka w szkole": Metody i Środki Informatyki w Zmieniającej się Szkole (15-18.09.93, Toruń).
  8. Duch W (1993) Metody komputerowe w leksykografii.
    UMK-KMK-TR 2/93 report
  9. Duch W (1993) Otwarte środowisko badań naukowych.
    ComputerWorld 24.05.1993, p. 28
  10. Duch W (1993) Wykład im. A. Jabłońskiego '93.
    Postępy Fizyki, 44 (1993) 426
  11. Duch W (1993) 6 wykład im. A. Jabłońskiego
    Fizyka w szkole
  12. Duch W (1993) Wywiad ,,Cząstka Higgsa.
    Gazeta Pomorska 10-12.04.1993
  13. Duch W (1993) Kłopoty z AmiPro.
    PC-Magazine po Polsku, 11/93



    1992     1992     1992     1992     1992     1992     1992     1992     1992     1992


  1. Duch W and Diercksen GHF (1992) Perturbation theory in multireference spaces.
    Phys Rev A 46: 95-104
  2. Duch W (1992) Noisy data trees or learning without adaptation.
    UMK-KMK-TR 2/92 report
  3. Duch W (1992) Modeling neural networks - a physicist's point of view.
    UMK-KMK-TR 1/92 report.
  4. Duch W (1992) Elektroniczne podróże w przeszłość.
    Nowa Europa 8/06/1992
  5. Duch W (1992) Myślące maszyny?
    Nowa Europa 11/4/1992
  6. Duch W (1992) Końca świata nie będzie!
    Nowa Europa 4/4/1992



    1991     1991     1991     1991     1991     1991     1991     1991     1991     1991


  1. Duch W (1991) Configuration Interaction Method: the past and future perspectives
    Journal of Molecular Structure (THEOCHEM) 234: 27-49
  2. Duch W (1991) 30 lat konferencji Sannibel.
    Postępy Fizyki
  3. Duch W (1991) Super! Trzecia doroczna konferencja poświęcona superobliczeniom.
    Postępy Fizyki
  4. Duch W (1991) Neurokomputery.
    Problemy, 9/91




    1990     1990     1990     1990     1990     1990     1990     1990     1990     1990


  1. Duch W (1990) Towards flexible CI.
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry S24: 683-692
  2. Diercksen GHF, Duch W, Karwowski J (1990) CI calculations on the Rydberg spectrum of H3 molecule.
    Chemical Physics Letters 168: 69-74
  3. Diercksen GHF, Duch W, Karwowski J (1990) Method for locating errors in Hamiltonian matrices.
    Physical Review A 41: 3503-3510
  4. Duch W (1990) Komputery - jakie są?
    Magazyn Polski, 5/90: 47-51
  5. Duch W (1990) Nauczanie programowania.
    Komputer 4/90: 6




    1989     1989     1989     1989     1989     1989     1989     1989     1989     1989


  1. Duch W (1989) Superdirect approach to the configuration interaction method.
    Chem Phys Lett 162: 56-60
  2. Duch W (1989) Operator algebra for the many body problem in the spin eigenfunction basis.
    J Chem Phys 91: 2452-2456
  3. Duch W, Styp-Rekowski O (1989) Large matrix diagonalization.
    Sixth school of advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  4. Duch W, Karwowski J, Diercksen GHF (1989) A method for localizing errors in CI programs.
    Sixth school of advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  5. Duch W (1989), Open-shell MBPT in the spin eigenfunction basis.
    Sixth school of advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  6. Duch W (1989), EPR Paradox and Local Realism.
    Sixth school of advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  7. Duch W (1989) Komputery w nauce.
    Problemy 8/1989: 12-18
  8. Duch W (1989) Małe czy duże?
    Przegląd Techniczny 4: 16-17
  9. Duch W (1989) Przygody z Fizyką.
    ITD 9/04/1989

Duch W, Complementarity, Superluminal Telegraph and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox (unpublished manuscript).
In this paper I have proposed to measure correlations between pairs of particles in a double Mach-Zehnder experiment. I did send it to two journals and then gave up, referees found it "seriously flawed" and "completely wrong". Unfortunately I had no time or energy to push the paper through the refereeing procedure. Yet in 1993 experiment had been done confirming all predictions and the excitement about entangled systems continues to this day, see my letter to Physics Today here.


    1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988     1988


  1. Duch W (1988) Schrödinger's thoughts on perfect knowledge.
    In: The Concept of Probability, Ed. Bitsakis EI and Nicolaides CA (Kluwer Academic Publishers), pp. 5-14
  2. Canuto S, Duch W, Geertsen J, Müller-Plathe F, Oddershede J, Scusseria GE (1988) The Dipol Polarizability of Li-.
    Chem Phys Lett 147:435-442
  3. Duch W (1988) Violation of Bell's inequalities in interference experiments.
    In: Open Problems in Physics, Eds. Kostro L, Posiewnik A, Pykacz J and Zukowski M, (World Scientific, Singapore), pp. 483-486; comment by Zukowski and Pykacz.
  4. Duch W, Karwowski J, Diercksen GHD, Rettrup S (1988) A comment on several results of CI calculations for H2O.
    Chem Phys Lett 144:421-422
  5. Duch W (1988) Graphical representation of algebraical problems.
    Workshop on Algebraic Methods in Molecular Physics Jerusalem, Israel.
  6. Duch W (1988) Application of GRMS in variational and perturbational methods. Workshop on Quantum Chemistry, Girona, Spain.
  7. Duch W (1988) H. Rauch: Interferometria neutronowa testem mechaniki kwantowej (translation).
    Postępy Fizyki 39: 519-541



    1987     1987     1987     1987     1987     1987     1987     1987     1987     1987


  1. Duch W, Karwowski J (1987) Multireference direct CI program based on the symmetric group graphical approach. Theor Chim Acta(Berl.) 71:187-199
  2. Duch W (1987) Visualization of many-particle model spaces, with application to shell-model calculations. J Phys A 20:1633-1643
  3. Duch W (1987) Structure of many-particle model spaces. World Congres of Organic Theoretical Chemistry (WATOC), Budapest, Hungary, p. 94
  4. Duch W (1987) Fixed-slope graphs in physics and mathematics. First International Conference on the Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Paris, France
  5. Duch W (1987) Holism in Physics. School on advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  6. Duch W (1987) Application of GRMS in many-body theories. School on advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  7. Duch W (1987) SGGA CI Program. School on advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  8. Duch W, Karwowski J (1987) Symmetric Group Approach to CI method. XIV Arbeitstagung über Probleme der Quantenchemie, Ostseebad Kühlungsborn, DDR



    1986     1986     1986     1986     1986     1986     1986     1986     1986     1986


  1. Duch W (1986) From determinants to spin eigenfunctions - a simple algorithm. Int J Quantum Chem 30:799-807
  2. Duch W (1986) Calculation of the one-electron coupling coefficients in the configuration interaction method. Chem Phys Lett 124:442-446
  3. Duch W, Aerts D (1986) Microphysical reality and quantum formalism. Phys Today 6:11-13
  4. Karwowski J, Duch W, Valdemoro C (1986) Matrix elements of spin-adapted reduced Hamiltonian. Phys Rev A 33:2254-2261
  5. Duch W, Segal GA (1986) Erratum: Theoretical calculation of the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of a Jahn-Teller distorted excited state: the 1E' excited state of cyclopropane. Journal of Chemical Physics 84:544-545
  6. Duch W (1986) Stany świadomości. Mandragora




    1985     1985     1985     1985     1985     1985     1985     1985     1985     1985


  1. Duch W (1985) Graphical representation of Slater determinants. Journal of Physics A 18:3283-3307
  2. Duch W (1985) On the number of spin functions in the first order interaction space. Theor Chim Acta(Berl.) 67:263-269
  3. Duch W (1985) Efficient method for computation of the representation matrices of the unitary group generators. Int J Quantum Chem 27:59-70
  4. Duch W, Karwowski J (1985) Symmetric group approach to configuration interaction methods. Computer Physics Reports 2:92-170
  5. Duch W (1985) Graphical representation of model spaces. School on advanced methods of quantum chemistry, Bachotek, Poland
  6. Duch W (1985) Mechanika Kwantowa, paradoks EPR i komunikacja z szybkością nadświetlną. Delta 10/11/1985
  7. Duch W (1985) Inżynieria wiedzy. ITD 4/1985
  8. Duch W (1985) Brakująca materia. Sztandar Młodych 11/01/1985



    1984     1984     1984     1984     1984     1984     1984     1984     1984     1984


  1. Duch W (1984) Sztuczna Inteligencja. Problemy 6/1984
  2. Duch W (1984) Z czego zrobiony jest świat? ITD 18/3/84
  3. Duch W (1984) Refleksje na temat ,,Tao of Physics", Przegląd Techn. 35/84, reprinted in: Mandragora, 11/84
  4. Duch W (1984) Wzajemne przenikanie. Przegląd Techn. 35/84
  5. Duch W (1984) Czy Przyroda ma nawyki? Przegląd Techn. 32/84
  6. Duch W (1984) Fizyka i Tao. Sztandar Młodych 31/08/84



    1983      1983      1983      1983      1983      1983      1983      1983      1983      1983


  1. Duch W (1983) Matrix elements of xk and xk eax in the harmonic oscillator basis. J Phys A 16:4233-4236
  2. Duch W (1983) Group-theoretical approaches to the configuration interaction method. XIV-th Congress of the Polish Chemical Society, Katowice, Poland
  3. Duch W, Segal GA (1983) Theoretical calculation of the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of a Jahn-Teller distorted excited state: the 1E' excited state of cyclopropane. J Chem Phys 79:2951-2963
  4. Duch W, Karwowski J (1983) Group-theoretical approaches to the configuration interaction method. Microsymposium on Quantum Chemistry, Liblice, Czechoslovakia
  5. Duch W (1983) Living buddhist life in a christian country. Western Buddhist, No. 9 (1983) 13
  6. Duch W (1983) Projekt Inteligencja. Przekrój N.2006, 10/1983.
  7. Duch W (1983) Wczoraj, dziś, jutro. Przekrój N.1974, 10/4/1983.
  8. Duch W (1983) Kiedy komputer wygra z Arcymistrzem? Przekrój N.1973, 3/4/1983
  9. Duch W (1983) Szał Gier Komputerowych. Przekrój N.1972, 27/3/1983
  10. Duch W (1983) Czy Komputery Myślą? Przekrój N.1971, 20/3/1983



    1982     1982     1982     1982     1982     1982     1982     1982     1982     1982


  1. Duch W, Karwowski J (1982) Symmetric group graphical approach to the direct configuration interaction method. Int J Quantum Chem 22:783-824
  2. Duch W, Segal G.A (1982) Jahn-Teller distorted states in cyclopropane. XXIII Congres of Theoretical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden



    1981     1981     1981     1981     1981     1981     1981     1981     1981     1981


  1. Duch W (1981) Symmetric group graphical approach to the configuration interaction method. Third West Coast Theoretical Chemistry Conference, NASA-Ames Center, California
  2. Duch W, Karwowski J (1981) Symmetric group graphical approach to the configuration interaction method. Lecture Notes in Chem 22:260-271



    1980     1980     1980     1980     1980     1980     1980     1980     1980     1980


  1. Duch W (1980) The direct configuration interaction method for general multireference expansions: symmetric group approach. Theor Chim Acta(Berl.) 57:299-313
  2. Duch W (1980) Large-scale N-fermion calculations. Comp Phys Comm 20:49-52
  3. Duch W (1980) New approach to the CI method. XI-th Congress of the Polish Chemical Society, Wrocław, Poland
  4. Duch W (1980) Metoda bezpośredniego oddziaływania konfiguracyjnego. Rozprawa doktorska. Instytut Fizyki UMK, Toruń, Maj 1980



    1979     1979     1979     1979     1979     1979     1979     1979     1979     1979


  1. Duch W, Karwowski J (1979) Coupling constants in the direct configuration interaction method. Theor Chim Acta(Berl.) 51:175-188
  2. Duch W, Karwowski J (1979) Large-scale N-fermion calculations. School of computational methods in theoretical physics, Roznov, Czechoslovakia
  3. Duch W, Karwowski J (1979) Direct determinantion of eigenvectors and eigenvalues. XXVI-th Congress of the Polish Physical Society, Torun, Poland
  4. Duch W (1979) Generalization of the Roos scheme. X-th Congress of the Polish Chemical Society, Wrocław, Poland
  5. Duch W, Karwowski J (1979) Calculation of the coupling constants in the direct CI method. X-th Congress of the Polish Chemical Society, Wrocław, Poland



    1978     1978     1978     1978     1978     1978     1978     1978     1978     1978


  1. Duch W (1978) Out-of-body and reincarnation phenomena from the point of view of physics. New Humanity, No.23-27, 34 pp.
  2. Duch W (1978) Tradycje Wschodu: Buddyzm. Przekrój N.1747, 1/10/1978
  3. Duch W (1978) Medytacja Transcendentalna. Przekrój N.1736, 16/7/1978 10.
  4. Duch W (1978) Medytacja. Przekrój N.1734, 2/7/1978
  5. Duch W (1978) Dwie półkule i twórczość. Przekrój N.1732, 18/6/1978
  6. Duch W (1978) Elektronika i stresy. Przekrój N.1730, 4/6/1978
  7. Duch W (1978) Życie po życiu. Przekrój N.1725, 30/4/1978
  8. Duch W (1978) Niewiadome czy nieprawdopodobne. Przekrój N.1720, 26/3/1978



    1977     1977     1977     1977     1977     1977     1977     1977     1977     1977


  1. Duch W, Karwowski J (1977) Coupling constants in the direct configuration interaction method. Preprint UMK No.357

Patents

  1. Processing clinical text with domain-specific spreading activation methods.
    US Patent Application No. 12/006.813 (April 2008), co-authors: John Pestian, Paweł Matykiewicz, Tracy Glauser, Robert Kowatch, Jackie Grupp-Phelan.
  2. Układ aktywnego stymulatora ośrodków mowy, zwłaszcza niemowląt i dzieci.
    BUP nr: 99/03 str.73 zawierającej skrót wynalazku,
    Polish patent: granted in 2002, patent no. 184102, submitted on 1997.07.29, number 321411.

    In preparation     In preparation     In preparation     In preparation     In preparation    


  1. Duch W, Autism.
    New ideas in psychology? BBS? (in prep.)
  2. Duch W, Amusia and Talent.
    New ideas in psychology? BBS? JCS? (in prep.)
  3. Duch W, Bridging the Mind-Brain Gap.
    Journal of Consciousness Studies (in prep.)
  4. Duch W, Grabczewski K, Jankowski N, Meta-learning.
    Edited book (in prep. Springer Oct 2009) + some chapters ...
  5. Duch W, Artificial minds: neurocognitive approach.
    Book chapter (in prep.)
  6. Duch W, Biesiada J,
    Boosted margin-based feature selection filter for microarray gene expression data.

  7. Duch W, Mapping pursuit networks.
    NPL (in prep.)


Summary (without books and papers in preparation):
14 papers in 1977-79;
62 papers in 1980-89;
59 papers in 1990-95,
79 papers in 1996-99, razem 214
89 papers in 2000-03, razem 303
9 papers in 2004,
17 papers in 2005,
13 papers in 2006,
20 papers in 2007
25 papers in 2008
Total 412 papers at the end of 2009, + 8 in print.